Brief Summary of the August 2023 Command & Control Success: When to Deviate from Foundational Tactics

• Firefighting is built on foundational tactics that have evolved over a century. Yet, there are situations where fireground commanders need to deviate from these basics, which is referred to as “graduating beyond the basics.”

• Reasons to Deviate:

  1. Staffing: Not having enough staff or an excess, prompting deviation. Most tactics are based on urban firefighting experiences, like the FDNY. These tactics, while proven, often come from scenarios with large, urban staffing models. Rural or suburban departments, often with less staffing, may need to adapt or deviate from these standard tactics.
  2. Fire Growth: Fires today can grow three times faster than 40-50 years ago. With fewer firefighters arriving at the scene, deviation might be necessary for success.
  3. Building and Fire Behavior: Adjustments might be needed based on the building’s construction, the extent of the fire, or how long it has been burning.

• Examples of Deviation:

  1. Stretching two hoselines simultaneously with reduced staff.
  2. Using specialized nozzles for attic or void space fires when adequate staffing isn’t available.
  3. Directing multiple fire companies to come directly to the scene before securing a sustained water supply.
  4. Using an exterior hose to stop a fire from spreading before the interior attack line can get in place.
  5. At a motel fire in the 90s, water was flowed on the opposite side of a fire wall due to limited staffing and specific building features.

• Crucial Insight: While deviation can be necessary, the fireground commander must have a deep understanding of foundational tactics. They should know when and why to apply them based on various conditions like building construction, staffing, and weather. Misapplication or miscalculation can be costly and dangerous.

• Closing Thought: It’s essential to continually evaluate past practices and predict future challenges. Being open to all options can help save lives and property. Knowing when and how to deviate can make a significant difference during a fire operation.